What is the primary health effect of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

The primary health effect of Vitamin B12, also known as Cobalamin, is its crucial role in blood formation. This vitamin is essential for the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. B12 is involved in the synthesis of DNA during the formation of red blood cells, which ensures adequate oxygen transport throughout the body. A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by the production of large and ineffective red blood cells, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and other related symptoms.

While other vitamins and minerals can support immune function, muscle growth, and bone density, Vitamin B12's most significant and well-documented effect is its direct involvement in hematopoiesis (the formation of blood). Understanding this vital function underscores the importance of adequate B12 intake, particularly for populations at risk for deficiency, such as vegetarians, vegans, and older adults.