What deficiency disease is associated with a lack of Vitamin D?

The deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin D is primarily Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D is crucial for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones. When there is an insufficient amount of Vitamin D, the body struggles to absorb these minerals from the diet, leading to weakened bones.

In children, this results in Rickets, characterized by bone pain, poor growth, and skeletal deformities, which is a direct consequence of the inadequate mineralization of bone. In adults, the same deficiency manifests as osteomalacia, which leads to weak bones and an increased risk of fractures. The link between Vitamin D deficiency and these conditions highlights the vitamin's critical role in bone health and mineralization.

The other conditions mentioned in the options are associated with deficiencies of different vitamins and minerals. For example, Scurvy is related to a lack of Vitamin C, Beriberi arises from a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), and Pellagra is associated with insufficient niacin (Vitamin B3). Each of these deficiency diseases highlights the specific roles that different vitamins and minerals play in human health.