What condition is caused by iodine deficiency?

Iodine deficiency is directly linked to the development of goiter, which is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The thyroid needs adequate iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. When there is insufficient iodine, the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine from the bloodstream to meet hormone production needs, resulting in goiter.

In contrast, the other conditions listed are caused by deficiencies of different nutrients. Anemia is typically associated with deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, or folate; osteoporosis is linked to inadequate calcium and vitamin D; and scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C. Therefore, the correct association of iodine deficiency with goiter highlights its critical role in thyroid health and hormone production.